The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
Identifieur interne : 000425 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000424; suivant : 000426The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China.
Auteurs : Moritz U G. Kraemer [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Chia-Hung Yang [États-Unis] ; Bernardo Gutierrez [Royaume-Uni, Équateur] ; Chieh-Hsi Wu [Royaume-Uni] ; Brennan Klein [États-Unis] ; David M. Pigott [États-Unis] ; Louis Du Plessis [Royaume-Uni] ; Nuno R. Faria [Royaume-Uni] ; Ruoran Li [États-Unis] ; William P. Hanage [États-Unis] ; John S. Brownstein [États-Unis] ; Maylis Layan [France] ; Alessandro Vespignani [États-Unis] ; Huaiyu Tian [République populaire de Chine] ; Christopher Dye [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon Cauchemez [France] ; Oliver G. Pybus [Royaume-Uni] ; Samuel V. Scarpino [États-Unis]Source :
- medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences ; 2020.
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions are underway currently to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, have affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was well explained by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases are still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China have substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.
DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.02.20026708
PubMed: 32511452
PubMed Central: PMC7239080
Affiliations:
- France, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Équateur, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Massachusetts, Oxfordshire, Washington (État), Île-de-France
- Boston, Oxford, Paris, Pékin, Seattle
- Université Harvard, Université d'Oxford, Université de Washington
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Faria</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ruoran" sort="Li, Ruoran" uniqKey="Li R" first="Ruoran" last="Li">Ruoran Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanage, William P" sort="Hanage, William P" uniqKey="Hanage W" first="William P" last="Hanage">William P. Hanage</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S" last="Brownstein">John S. 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Pybus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scarpino, Samuel V" sort="Scarpino, Samuel V" uniqKey="Scarpino S" first="Samuel V" last="Scarpino">Samuel V. 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Kraemer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Chia Hung" sort="Yang, Chia Hung" uniqKey="Yang C" first="Chia-Hung" last="Yang">Chia-Hung Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Équateur</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Quito</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Chieh Hsi" sort="Wu, Chieh Hsi" uniqKey="Wu C" first="Chieh-Hsi" last="Wu">Chieh-Hsi Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Brennan" sort="Klein, Brennan" uniqKey="Klein B" first="Brennan" last="Klein">Brennan Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pigott, David M" sort="Pigott, David M" uniqKey="Pigott D" first="David M" last="Pigott">David M. Pigott</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Washington</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Seattle</settlement><region type="state">Washington (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du Plessis, Louis" sort="Du Plessis, Louis" uniqKey="Du Plessis L" first="Louis" last="Du Plessis">Louis Du Plessis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno R" sort="Faria, Nuno R" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno R" last="Faria">Nuno R. Faria</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ruoran" sort="Li, Ruoran" uniqKey="Li R" first="Ruoran" last="Li">Ruoran Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hanage, William P" sort="Hanage, William P" uniqKey="Hanage W" first="William P" last="Hanage">William P. Hanage</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S" last="Brownstein">John S. Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Harvard</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Layan, Maylis" sort="Layan, Maylis" uniqKey="Layan M" first="Maylis" last="Layan">Maylis Layan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vespignani, Alessandro" sort="Vespignani, Alessandro" uniqKey="Vespignani A" first="Alessandro" last="Vespignani">Alessandro Vespignani</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tian, Huaiyu" sort="Tian, Huaiyu" uniqKey="Tian H" first="Huaiyu" last="Tian">Huaiyu Tian</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dye, Christopher" sort="Dye, Christopher" uniqKey="Dye C" first="Christopher" last="Dye">Christopher Dye</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pybus, Oliver G" sort="Pybus, Oliver G" uniqKey="Pybus O" first="Oliver G" last="Pybus">Oliver G. Pybus</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scarpino, Samuel V" sort="Scarpino, Samuel V" uniqKey="Scarpino S" first="Samuel V" last="Scarpino">Samuel V. Scarpino</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences</title><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions are underway currently to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, have affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was well explained by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases are still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China have substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="PubMed-not-MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32511452</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>08</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>06</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences</Title><ISOAbbreviation>medRxiv</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">2020.03.02.20026708</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1101/2020.03.02.20026708</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has expanded rapidly throughout China. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions are underway currently to mitigate the epidemic and prevent the persistence of the virus in human populations in China and worldwide. It remains unclear how these unprecedented interventions, including travel restrictions, have affected COVID-19 spread in China. We use real-time mobility data from Wuhan and detailed case data including travel history to elucidate the role of case importation on transmission in cities across China and ascertain the impact of control measures. Early on, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in China was well explained by human mobility data. Following the implementation of control measures, this correlation dropped and growth rates became negative in most locations, although shifts in the demographics of reported cases are still indicative of local chains of transmission outside Wuhan. This study shows that the drastic control measures implemented in China have substantially mitigated the spread of COVID-19.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kraemer</LastName><ForeName>Moritz U G</ForeName><Initials>MUG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName><ForeName>Chia-Hung</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gutierrez</LastName><ForeName>Bernardo</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName><ForeName>Chieh-Hsi</ForeName><Initials>CH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klein</LastName><ForeName>Brennan</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pigott</LastName><ForeName>David M</ForeName><Initials>DM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Department of Health Metrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>open COVID-19 data working group</CollectiveName></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>du Plessis</LastName><ForeName>Louis</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Faria</LastName><ForeName>Nuno R</ForeName><Initials>NR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName><ForeName>Ruoran</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hanage</LastName><ForeName>William P</ForeName><Initials>WP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brownstein</LastName><ForeName>John S</ForeName><Initials>JS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Layan</LastName><ForeName>Maylis</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vespignani</LastName><ForeName>Alessandro</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Tian</LastName><ForeName>Huaiyu</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dye</LastName><ForeName>Christopher</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cauchemez</LastName><ForeName>Simon</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, Paris, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pybus</LastName><ForeName>Oliver G</ForeName><Initials>OG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scarpino</LastName><ForeName>Samuel V</ForeName><Initials>SV</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, United States.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D000076942">Preprint</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>medRxiv</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101767986</NlmUniqueID></MedlineJournalInfo><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="UpdateIn"><RefSource>Science. 2020 May 1;368(6490):493-497</RefSource><PMID Version="1">32213647</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><CoiStatement>Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>9</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32511452</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1101/2020.03.02.20026708</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7239080</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;14(1):50-56</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24239323</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2018 Aug 31;361(6405):894-899</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId 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(État)</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Boston</li><li>Oxford</li><li>Paris</li><li>Pékin</li><li>Seattle</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Washington</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name></region><name sortKey="Du Plessis, Louis" sort="Du Plessis, Louis" uniqKey="Du Plessis L" first="Louis" last="Du Plessis">Louis Du Plessis</name><name sortKey="Dye, Christopher" sort="Dye, Christopher" uniqKey="Dye C" first="Christopher" last="Dye">Christopher Dye</name><name sortKey="Faria, Nuno R" sort="Faria, Nuno R" uniqKey="Faria N" first="Nuno R" last="Faria">Nuno R. Faria</name><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name><name sortKey="Pybus, Oliver G" sort="Pybus, Oliver G" uniqKey="Pybus O" first="Oliver G" last="Pybus">Oliver G. Pybus</name><name sortKey="Wu, Chieh Hsi" sort="Wu, Chieh Hsi" uniqKey="Wu C" first="Chieh-Hsi" last="Wu">Chieh-Hsi Wu</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name></region><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S" last="Brownstein">John S. Brownstein</name><name sortKey="Brownstein, John S" sort="Brownstein, John S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="John S" last="Brownstein">John S. Brownstein</name><name sortKey="Hanage, William P" sort="Hanage, William P" uniqKey="Hanage W" first="William P" last="Hanage">William P. Hanage</name><name sortKey="Klein, Brennan" sort="Klein, Brennan" uniqKey="Klein B" first="Brennan" last="Klein">Brennan Klein</name><name sortKey="Kraemer, Moritz U G" sort="Kraemer, Moritz U G" uniqKey="Kraemer M" first="Moritz U G" last="Kraemer">Moritz U G. Kraemer</name><name sortKey="Li, Ruoran" sort="Li, Ruoran" uniqKey="Li R" first="Ruoran" last="Li">Ruoran Li</name><name sortKey="Pigott, David M" sort="Pigott, David M" uniqKey="Pigott D" first="David M" last="Pigott">David M. Pigott</name><name sortKey="Scarpino, Samuel V" sort="Scarpino, Samuel V" uniqKey="Scarpino S" first="Samuel V" last="Scarpino">Samuel V. Scarpino</name><name sortKey="Vespignani, Alessandro" sort="Vespignani, Alessandro" uniqKey="Vespignani A" first="Alessandro" last="Vespignani">Alessandro Vespignani</name><name sortKey="Yang, Chia Hung" sort="Yang, Chia Hung" uniqKey="Yang C" first="Chia-Hung" last="Yang">Chia-Hung Yang</name></country><country name="Équateur"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gutierrez, Bernardo" sort="Gutierrez, Bernardo" uniqKey="Gutierrez B" first="Bernardo" last="Gutierrez">Bernardo Gutierrez</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Layan, Maylis" sort="Layan, Maylis" uniqKey="Layan M" first="Maylis" last="Layan">Maylis Layan</name></region><name sortKey="Cauchemez, Simon" sort="Cauchemez, Simon" uniqKey="Cauchemez S" first="Simon" last="Cauchemez">Simon Cauchemez</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tian, Huaiyu" sort="Tian, Huaiyu" uniqKey="Tian H" first="Huaiyu" last="Tian">Huaiyu Tian</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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